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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Condition Basics

What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a disease that happens to children. It causes inflamed, swollen joints. This makes joints stiff and painful. Your child may have some pain and may walk with a limp. Some children with JIA grow out of it after they get treatment. Others will need ongoing treatment as adults.

There are several types of JIA. Oligoarticular, Opens dialog affects a few joints and is usually mild. Polyarticular, Opens dialog affects more joints and is usually more severe. Systemic, Opens dialog can be the most serious. This type can also affect organs. Enthesitis-related, Opens dialog most often affects the areas where tendons and ligaments attach to bones (the enthesis).

What causes it?

The cause of JIA isn't well understood. Most experts believe it's caused by a combination of things, such as an immune system that's too active and attacks joint tissues. Viruses or other infections and certain genes that make the immune system more likely to attack joint tissues can also cause JIA.

What are the symptoms?

Children can have one or many symptoms, and although the symptoms come and go, they are long lasting. They include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. A child may also have trouble sleeping and problems walking. Systemic JIA, Opens dialog can cause fever spikes and a rash.

How is it diagnosed?

JIA is often diagnosed after other possible causes have been ruled out and pain and stiffness have lasted for at least 6 weeks. Your doctor will ask questions about your child's symptoms and past health and do a physical exam. Your child may also have blood tests and a urine test.

How is JIA treated?

JIA is treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) and other types of medicine to prevent joint damage. NSAIDs can help reduce pain and inflammation. Other treatments, such as exercise and physical therapy, can help keep your child's muscles flexible and strong. Work closely with your medical team to plan the best treatment.

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Symptoms

Current as of: July 31, 2024

Author: Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff

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All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.